A comparative study of chemical treatment by MgCl2, ZnSO4, ZnCl2, and KOH on physicochemical properties and acetaminophen adsorption performance of biobased porous materials from tree bark residues

Preparing sustainable and highly efficient biomass-based carbon materials (BBPM) as adsorbents remains a challenge for organic pollutant management. In this work, novel biobased material has been synthesized via facile, sustainable, different single-step pyrolysis chemical methods (KOH, ZnCl2, ZnSO4, MgCl2) using Norway spruce bark suitable precursor. The effects of each activator on the physicochemical structure were thoroughly investigated well its performance acetaminophen adsorption. results showed that use activation provoked remarkable differences in BBPM characteristics. KOH generated with highest specific surface area (2209 m2 g?1), followed by ZnCl2 (1019 ZnSO4 (446 MgCl2 (98 g?1). characterization indicated yielded around three times more hydrophobic when compared other methods. removal to be ultrafast, not only due BBPM’s microstructure but also abundant active sites provided adsorption equilibrium reached at 1 min BBPM-KOH BBPM-MgCl2 15 BBPM-ZnSO4 BBPM-ZnCl2. process suggests pore-filling mechanism mainly dominates some physical-chemical interactions such hydrogen bonding between amide group oxygenated or nitrogenated groups biochar, ?-? aromatic ring pharmaceutical aromatics n-? interaction, van der Waals interactions. regeneration studies very good cyclability; 3rd cycle, was approximately 70% all four samples. samples used treat two synthetic effluents, which attained percentage up 91.9%.